Peer Assisted Learning Strategies Early Intervention...

Peer-Assisted Learning Strategies: Early Intervention Reading Program Jessica C. Thompson Corrective Remedial Reading University of West Alabama Abstract Early intervention reading programs are crucial in helping struggling readers develop the necessary strategies for successful reading. Peer-Assisted Learning Strategies (PALS) is a supplemental peer-tutoring program that has been proven to be an effective intervention for helping increase the effectiveness of reading instruction. This paper fully describes the PALS program, and it also explores the strengths and weaknesses of the program. Peer-Assisted Learning Strategies: Early Intervention Reading Program Developed by Lynn Fuchs and Doug Fuchs in 1997, Peer-Assisted Learning Strategies (PALS) is a supplemental peer tutoring program (U.S. Department of Education, 2012). It uses the help of stronger students to assist students who have more educational needs. â€Å"The purpose of PALS is to strengthen general education’s capacity to meet the academic needs of a broader range of children† (Fuchs, D., Fuchs, L. S., Burish, P., 2000). The acronym PALS suits the program very well, considering it is a class-wide peer-tutoring program. The program is a combination of peer tutoring and effective instructional techniques. Teachers strategically pair students based on their reading capabilities and social compatibility. Each pair of students consists of a â€Å"coach† and a â€Å"player†, and pairs are changed regularly so that allShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Teaching Strategies1160 Words   |  5 Pagesthe strategies on how educators implement and design RTI vary due to the grade level and age of the student. School wide readiness is in full bloom. In an article by Berkeley et.al (2009), all fifty states are progressing with the development and implementation of RTI. This study showed how certain states were very similar in terms of the number of tiers presented in their models. For example, North Carolina and Georgia execute four tiers; while other states are determining intervention at tierRead MoreThe Relationship Between Literacy Achievement And Social Communication Essay1686 Words   |  7 Pages 2016 Priya Singh â€Æ' Abstract Schools are social environments in which students learn through collaboration with their teachers and peers (Zins, Bloodworm, Weissberg, Wallberg, 2003). From a preschool to high school, students are forced to collaborate to lead to the sharing of resources and ideas, clarification of directions, and problem solving strategies for academic success. The purpose of this paper is to present current scientific research findings about the relationship between literacyRead MoreThe United States Falls Farther Behind On Education Tests2627 Words   |  11 Pagesfarther behind on education tests in math reading and science, there has been a push for a redesign of the education system. Of the 64 countries tested in the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) in 2012, 19 other industrialized countries ranked ahead of the United States (United States, n.d.). Because of these results and the stagnating American education, parents, teachers, and the government are pushing even more standards for math, reading, and science even more. To try to resolveRead MoreThe Extent to Which Teachers Help Their EC Students in Regular Classroom Settings1647 Words   |  7 Pagespotential in life (Dann-Messier Kampits, 2004). Barriers For a lot of students, barriers begin to have an effect on learning as early as the third grade. In the past these students were left to figure out reading on their own; consequently, these students began to â€Å"fake it† in order to get by (Alliance for Excellent Education, 2005) These English language learners find that learning English is overwhelming and as a result they begin to drift away or become a school dropout. Academically for ESL studentsRead MoreReview of Related Literature and Studies (Autism)4684 Words   |  19 Pagessocial–emotional behavior and communication. Numerous studies have documented that, across the spectrum of disability, individuals with autism have poor social and affective relatedness, difficulty developing and maintaining social relationships with peers, problems in the social use of language, unusual non-verbal behaviors including gesture, abnormalities of emotional awareness and expression, and in general, difficulty meeting cultural expectations for age-appropriate social behavior and social- emotionalRead MoreSupporting the Development of English Literacy in English Language Learners22851 Words   |  92 Pagesthe capacity to succeed in school and in life. Yet far too many children fail to meet their potential. Many students, especially those from poor and minority families, are placed at risk by school practices that sort some students into high-quality programs and other students into low-quality education. CRESPAR believes that schools must replace the â€Å"sorting paradigm† with a â€Å"talent development† model that sets high expectations for all students, and ensures that all students receive a rich and demandingRead MoreAspergers Syndrome Essay2777 Words   |  12 PagesSo what is Asperger’s Syndrome? To answer this question we must go back to Austria in the early 1940’s where Hans Asperger was studying small groups of children who exhibited similar patterns of behavior which he termed Autistic Psychopathy (www.asperger-syndrome.me.uk/history.html). He observed qualitative impairments such as â€Å"delays in using and understanding nonverbal behavior, problems establishing peer relationships and deficits in social reciprocity†¦preoccupation with one narrow special interestRead MoreHow Can Storytelling Improve Communication Skills in a 4 Yr Old5438 Words   |  22 PagesCHAPTER ONE Introduction This research was carried out in an Early Childhood Care and Education Centre located in an urban community. It is based on a four year old child whose name is Sarah Lall (not real name). She is very loving and helpful but interaction with her peers is limited since she does not speak in clear sentences. Her words do not take the form of complete sentences and sometimes puzzles the teachers and her peers as to what she is trying to say. Based on face to face interviewsRead MoreTeacher Action Research Paper on Reading Deficiencies in 2nd Grade Students12146 Words   |  49 PagesElementary School Dates of Implementation: AUGUST 2008 – JANUARY 2009 School Site Address and Phone: ARP One-sentence Problem Statement: By incorporating cooperative learning, guided reading and Reader’s Theatre, this research educator improved nineteen second grade at risk students reading comprehension levels by increasing their Oral Reading Fluency levels by 30% after ten weeks of implemented activity. (to be completed by the verifier) To the verifier: Please write a very brief overview statement (threeRead MoreCurrent Issues and Trends in Assessment in Early Childhood Education6428 Words   |  26 PagesCurrent Issues and Trends in Assessment in Early Childhood Education The 1980s brought a new reform movement in education, accompanied by a new emphasis on testing. The effort to improve education at all levels included the use of standardized tests to provide accountability for what students are learning. Minimum competency tests, achievement tests, and screening instruments were used to ensure that students from preschool through college reached the desired educational goals and achieved the minimum

The Minister s Black Veil - 1004 Words

The Minister s Black veil is a Romanticism. A romanticism is a movement in the art which sprung during the eighteenth and nineteenth century.Romantic is used to describe literature. It is defined as a depicting emotional matter in an imaginative form. As well as the imagination and emotion and the freedom embraced are all focus points of romanticism. Characteristics Of this literature piece would include subjectivity and an emphasis on individualism. Solitary life rather than life in society. The beliefs that imagination is superior than the reason and devotion to beauty, the love and worship of nature as well as the fascination with the past. Mr Hooper is displayed as a romantic character.Nathaniel Hawthorne’s story of personal and†¦show more content†¦And in some way it foreshadows the outcome yet you have to make a educated guess to figure out this question. It is important to remember that Hawthorne was considered a Dark Romantic rather than just a Romantic autho r. The Dark Romantics, as they were named, consisted of authors such as Hawthorne, Poe and Melville. They were considered as almost anti-Transcendentalists because the way they looked at the world was so different to the optimistic views of Emerson and authors of his time. However, the work of these Dark Romantics did actually have much in common with the Transcendentalists. Both groups valued intuition over logic and reason. Both groups saw signs and symbols in all events. Where they differ is that the Dark Romantics, when considering nature, placed an emphasis on Original Sin, its sense of the innate wickedness of human beings, and its notions of predestination.To emphasize he is a romantic in this case categorized as a Dark romantic. The black veil Seems to be a very important and major role in the story it is a symbol in which it dictates the story. The veil worn by Mr. Hooper, the minister in The Minister s Black Veil is a symbol for the sins that mankind

Essay about Leonardo Da Vinci Example For Students

Essay about Leonardo Da Vinci Leonardo Da Vinci is one of the greatest and most ingenious men that history has produced. His contributions in the areas of art, science, and humanity are still among the most important that a single man has put forth, definitely making his a life worth knowing. Da Vinci, born on April 15, 1452, is credited with being a master painter, sculptor, architect, musician, engineer, and scientist. He was born an illegitimate child to Catherina, a peasant girl. His father was Ser Piero da Vinci, a public notary for the city of Florence, Italy. For the first four years of his life he lived with his mother in the small village of Vinci, directly outside of the great center of the Renaissance, Florence. Catherina was a poor woman, with possible artistic talent, the genetic basis of Leonardoquot;s talents. Upon the realization of Leonardoquot;s potential, his father took the boy to live with him and his wife in Florence Why did. This was the start of the boyquot;s education and his quest for knowledge. Leonardo was recognized by many to be a Renaissance child because of his many talents. As a boy, Leonardo was described as being handsome, strong, and agile. He had keen powers of observation, an imagination, and the ability to detach himself from the world around him. At an early age Leonardo became interested in subjects such as botany, geology, animals specifically birds, the motion of water, and shadows About Leonardo. At the age of 17, in about 1469, Leonardo was apprenticed as a garzone studio boy to Andrea del Verrocchio, the leading Florentine painter and sculptor of his day. In Verrocchioquot;s workshop Leonardo was introduced to many techniques, from the painting of altarpieces and panel pictures to the creation of large sculptural projects in marble and bronze. In 1472 he was accepted in the painterquot;s guild of Florence, and worked there for about six years. While there, Leonardo often painted portions of Verrocchioquot;s paintings for him, such as the background and the kneeling angel on the left in the Baptism of Christ Encarta. Leonardoquot;s sections of the painting have soft shadings, with shadows concealing the edges. These areas are distinguished easily against the sharply defined figures and objects of Verrocchio, that reflect the style called Early Renaissance. Leonardoquot;s more graceful approach marked the beginning of the High Renaissance. However, this style did not become more popular in Italy for another 25 year Gilbert 46. Leonardo actually started the popularization of this style. For this reason Leonardo could be called the Father of the High Renaissance. Leonardoquot;s leading skills emerged through his paintings and his techniques. Leonardoquot;s talents soon drew him away from the Guild and in 1472 Leonardo finished his first complete painting, Annunciation. In 1478 Leonardo reached the title of an Independent Master. His first large painting, The Adoration of the Magi begun in 1481, which was left unfinished, was ordered in 1481 for the Monastery of San Donato a Scopeto, Florence. Other works ascribed to his youth are the Benois Madonna 1478, the portrait Ginevra dequot; Benci 1474, and the unfinished Saint Jerome 1481. Leonardo expanded his skills to other branches of interest and in 1481 Leonardo wrote an astonishing letter to the Duke of Milan, Ludovico Sforza. In this letter he stated that he knew how to build portable bridges; that he knew the techniques of constructing bombardments and of making cannons; that he could build ships as well as armored vehicles, catapults, and other war machines; and that he could execute sculpture in marble, bronze, and clay. Thus, he entered the service of the Duke in 1482, working on Ludovicoquot;s castle, organizing festivals, and he became recognized as an expert in military engineering and arms. Under the Duke, Leonardo served many positions. He served as principal engineer in the Dukequot;s numerous military enterprises and was active as an architect Encarta. As a military engineer Leonardo designed artillery and planned the diversion of rivers. He also improved many inventions that were already in use such as the rope ladder. Leonardo also drew pictures of an armored tank hundreds of years ahead of its time. His concept failed because the tank was too heavy to be mobile and the hand cranks he designed were not strong enough to support such a vehicle. As a civil engineer, he designed revolving stages for pageants. As a sculptor he planned a huge monument of the Dukequot;s father mounted up on a leaping horse. The Horse, as it was known, was the culmination of 16 years of work. Leonardo was fascinated by horses and drew them constantly. In The Horse, Leonardo experimented with the horsesquot; forelegs and measurements. The severe plagues in 1484 and 1485 drew his attention to town planning, and his drawings and plans for domed churches reflect his concern with architectural problems Bookshelf. The renaissance period and ideologies EssayThe Bennie Madonna made other artists want to draw it. So, thats when his success began to show is because everyone started imitating this painting. Leonardo found other ways after to draw the Madonna. Leonardo was about 30 years old when he painted the Adoration of the Magi. He also had a painting called the Saint Jerome. The painting of Madonna on the rocks is suppose to be like a daydream someone has laying down on the ground and looking up at the sky. In it he also drew an equilateral triangle. In the painting of Madonna Little Imbroglio De Prà ©cis colored the clothes that Leonardo helped draw. Leonardo painted a portrait of Cecilia, Ladylove Saffrons daughter, when she was only about 17 years old. Cecilia is the sister of the Mona Lisa. The one reason you may realize that the Mona Lisa isnt done is because she isnt wearing any Jewelry. Cecilia let Isabella detest compare the portrait done by Giovanni Bellinis and she had altered completely because she was a lot younger when Giovanni Bellinis did the first one. His painting of the lady with the weasel was taken over by the Lombard school. The painting of the lady with the weasel Imbroglio De Prà ©cis helped with this one too. One thing found was a pen drawing of the head of Christ. There are seven sketches of Saint Jerome in the Desert. There are about eight sketches for Saint Sebastian There is about four sketches for the later picture of Angel of the Annunciation. There is one completed picture of the Madonna. There is one head of the blessed virgin for the picture of the Ascension. There is one sculpture of Crucifixion in relief. Leonardo drew Mount Sepsis in Ptolemy map of Asia. For a sculpture, the perfect smoothness was all done by him. Also, in a notebook he had instructions for what he wanted everything to look like. The architecture filled his every thought. He was asked to help with the design of the Saint Sophia at Constantinople. He made lots of sketches of this design. He was aware that they preferred the form of the Latin cross. Some people thought Leonardo was kind of weird for wanting to study the senses and stuff about the body. Leonardo began to think about stuff on the human mind understands things. He also thought that signs are the best of all the senses of the human body. But, he was very uncomfortable in the field of abstract thought. Leonardo wrote The senses are earthly; the reason stands outside them during contemplation. In the classical school of reason and will he put in those places memory and intellect. He devoted his leisure time to the study of philosophy. But, Leonardo still didnt yet have his intellectual confidence. After reading a book that AFAIK Carbon gave him called The perspective communism of John Peacock. He wrote something after called An introduction to pers pective, that to say to the function of the eye. The lenses of the eye were his way into anatomy. He was first to record the phenomena of irradiation. He also made a lamp to help him at night with these studies. Leonardo was very interested in making things, so he decided to make new cities and towns. When he entered a competition for a Cathedral building he thought about making cities out of the soil. Leonardo considered ways of using Ladylove Saffrons life-preserving fear in his plans. He said that to have humanity go from capital cities is to build ten towns and have five thousand houses to house more than 30,000 people. While he talked about this he never left out the economic side. He wanted his towns on riverbanks or seashores and he had the Diction in mind. His cities in mind were for the rich and aristocrats. There was going to be two cities right on top of each other. When he wasnt allowed to build the ten new cities he went and invented things to keep foul smells away. Leonardo was many things in his life even if it was mostly art. He was an interesting man with all of things he did like when he went back to school so he could do more since artists werent known that much. Leonardo did have lots of art sketches that he didnt really have names for, but he still worked on them no matter whatever until he probably got bored with them. He id lots of things for warfare too he invented things we can use today because we put more into what he already had. We also have some of his paintings still around they are in museums all around the world, but he did lots of paintings even though he may not have finished them. Leonardo did like what he did even if people thought it was weird because he still studied some more into the human body. He may have wanted new cities, but that probably was only to make him famous.

Terrorism And Lethality Essays - Terrorism, Definitions Of Terrorism

Terrorism And Lethality Although the total volume of terrorist incidents world-wide has declined in the 1990s, the proportion of persons killed in terrorist incidents has steadily risen. For example, according to the RAND-St Andrews University Chronology of International Terrorism,5 a record 484 international terrorist incidents were recorded in 1991, the year of the Gulf War, followed by 343 incidents in 1992, 360 in 1993, 353 in 1994, falling to 278 incidents in 1995 (the last calendar year for which complete statistics are available).6 However, while terrorists were becoming less active, they were nonetheless becoming more lethal. For example, at least one person was killed in 29 percent of terrorist incidents in 1995: the highest percentage of fatalities to incidents recorded in the Chronology since 1968--and an increase of two percent over the previous year's record figure.7 In the United States this trend was most clearly reflected in 1995 bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City. Since the turn of the century, fewer than a dozen of all the terrorist incidents committed world-wide have killed more than a 100 people. The 168 persons confirmed dead at the Murrah Building ranks sixth on the list of most fatalities caused this centuryin a single terrorist incident--domestic or international.8 The reasons for terrorism's increasing lethality are complex and variegated, but can generally be summed up as follows: The growth in the number of terrorist groups motivated by a religious imperative; The proliferation of "amateurs" involved in terrorist acts; and, The increasing sophistication and operational competence of "professional" terrorists. Religious Terrorism The increase of terrorism motivated by a religious imperative neatly encapsulates the confluence of new adversaries, motivations and rationales affecting terrorist patterns today. Admittedly, the connection between religion and terrorism is not new.9 However, while religion and terrorism do share a long history, in recent decades this form particular variant has largely been overshadowed by ethnic- and nationalist-separatist or ideologically-motivated terrorism. Indeed, none of the 11 identifiable terrorist groups10 active in 1968 (the year credited with marking the advent of modern, international terrorism) could be classified as "religious."11 Not until 1980 in fact--as a result of the repercussions from the revolution in Iran the year before--do the first "modern" religious terrorist groups appear:12 but they amount to only two of the 64 groups active that year. Twelve years later, however, the number of religious terrorist groups has increased nearly six-fold, representing a quarter (11 of 48) of the terrorist organisations who carried out attacks in 1992. Significantly, this trend has not only continued, but has actually accelerated. By 1994, a third (16) of the 49 identifiable terrorist groups could be classified as religious in character and/or motivation. Last year their number increased yet again, no to account for nearly half (26 or 46 percent) of the 56 known terrorist groups active in 1995. The implications of terrorism motivated by a religious imperative for higher levels of lethality is evidenced by the violent record of various Shi'a Islamic groups during the 1980s. For example, although these organisations committed only eight percent of all recorded international terrorist incidents between 1982 and 1989, they were nonetheless responsible for nearly 30 percent of the total number of deaths during that time period.13 Indeed, some of the most significant terrorist acts of the past 18 months, for example, have all had some religious element present.14 Even more disturbing is that in some instances the perpetrators' aims have gone beyond the establishment of some theocracy amenable to their specific deity,15 but have embraced mystical, almost transcendental, and divinely-inspired imperatives16 or a vehemently anti-government form of "populism" reflecting far-fetched conspiracy notions based on a volatile mixture of seditious, racial and religious dicta.17 Religious terrorism18 tends to be more lethal than secular terrorism because of the radically different value systems, mechanisms of legitimisation and justification, concepts of morality, and Manichean world views that directly affect the "holy terrorists'" motivation. For the religious terrorist, violence first and foremost is a sacramental act or divine duty: executed in direct response to some theological demand or imperative and justified by scripture. Religion, therefore functions as a legitimising force: specifically sanctioning wide scale violence against an almost open-ended category of opponents (e.g., all peoples who are not members of the religious terrorists' religion or cult). This explains why clerical sanction is so important for religious terrorists19 and why religious figures are often required to "bless" (e.g., approve) terrorist operations before they are executed. "Amateur" Terrorists The proliferation of "amateurs" involved in terrorist acts has also contributed to terrorism's increasing lethality. In the past, terrorism was not just a matter of having the